Glossaire
Les mots arabes utilisés dans le blog, avec leur écriture, leur prononciation et leur sens.
- AdhânأذانPrononciation : adhân
- The call to prayer, given five times a day from the mosque.
- AdhkârأذكارPrononciation : adhkâr (sing. dhikr)
- The formulas for remembering Allah (praise, glorification, asking forgiveness) recited at set moments of the day.
- AkhlâqأخلاقPrononciation : akhlâq
- Character and moral conduct; the whole set of qualities that Islam invites us to cultivate (gentleness, honesty, patience…).
- ‘AqîqaعقيقةPrononciation : ‘aqîqa
- A sacrifice offered in thanks for the birth of a child, traditionally on the seventh day.
- Birr al-wâlidaynبر الوالدينPrononciation : birr al-wâlidayn
- Dutiful kindness to one’s parents: respect, gentleness, presence and care, one of the duties the Quran insists on most.
- Da‘îfضعيفPrononciation : da‘îf
- The grade of a hadith whose chain of transmission has a weakness; it cannot be attributed to the Prophet ﷺ with certainty.
- DhikrذكرPrononciation : dhikr
- The remembrance of Allah, with the tongue and with the heart: glorification, praise, supplication, recitation of the Quran.
- Du‘â’دعاءPrononciation : du‘â’
- Supplication: asking Allah directly, in any language, at any time.
- FajrفجرPrononciation : fajr
- Dawn, and the dawn prayer, the first of the five daily prayers.
- FatwaفتوىPrononciation : fatwâ
- A legal opinion given by a qualified person on a specific question, often a personal one. This blog does not issue any.
- FiqhفقهPrononciation : fiqh
- Jurisprudence: the detailed understanding of the practical rules (prayer, fasting, transactions, family).
- FitraفطرةPrononciation : fitra
- The natural disposition of the human being, oriented toward recognising Allah, according to the hadith “every child is born upon the fitra.”
- GhîbaغيبةPrononciation : ghîba
- Backbiting: mentioning an absent person in a way he or she would not like to hear, even if it is true.
- GhuslغسلPrononciation : ghusl
- The major ablution: washing the whole body, obligatory in certain cases and recommended before the Friday prayer.
- HadithحديثPrononciation : hadîth
- A saying, action or approval attributed to the Prophet ﷺ and transmitted through a chain of narrators.
- HajjحجPrononciation : hajj
- The pilgrimage to Mecca, the fifth pillar of Islam, obligatory once in a lifetime for those who have the means.
- HasanحسنPrononciation : hasan
- The grade of a “good” hadith: a reliable chain with a slight weakness of memory in one narrator; accepted by scholars.
- IhrâmإحرامPrononciation : ihrâm
- The state of consecration of the pilgrim (intention and special garments), during which certain things are forbidden.
- IhsânإحسانPrononciation : ihsân
- Excellence: worshipping Allah as if you saw Him, and doing everything well.
- IkhlâsإخلاصPrononciation : ikhlâs
- Sincerity: acting for Allah alone, without seeking people’s gaze.
- ÎmânإيمانPrononciation : îmân
- Faith: believing in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day and destiny.
- IsnâdإسنادPrononciation : isnâd
- The chain of narrators of a hadith, which scholars examine to judge its authenticity.
- IstighfârاستغفارPrononciation : istighfâr
- Asking Allah for forgiveness, often with the phrase “astaghfiru-llah.”
- Jumu‘aجمعةPrononciation : jumu‘a
- Friday, and the congregational Friday prayer with its sermon.
- MadhhabمذهبPrononciation : madhhab
- A school of law (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi‘i, Hanbali): a recognised method for deriving practical rulings.
- MatnمتنPrononciation : matn
- The text of a hadith, as opposed to its chain of transmission (isnad).
- Muttafaq ‘alayhمتفق عليهPrononciation : muttafaq ‘alayh
- “Agreed upon”: a hadith reported by both al-Bukhari and Muslim, the highest degree of authenticity.
- NisâbنصابPrononciation : nisâb
- The wealth threshold above which zakat becomes obligatory.
- NiyyaنيةPrononciation : niyya
- Intention: what the heart aims at when performing an act; “actions are but by intentions.”
- ‘OmraعمرةPrononciation : ‘umra
- The lesser pilgrimage to Mecca, possible all year round: tawaf, sa‘y and shaving or trimming the hair.
- QiblaقبلةPrononciation : qibla
- The direction of the Kaaba, toward which one turns to pray.
- Rak‘aركعةPrononciation : rak‘a
- A unit of prayer: standing, bowing and two prostrations.
- SabrصبرPrononciation : sabr
- Patience and steadfastness: holding firm in hardship, in obedience and in the face of temptation.
- SadaqaصدقةPrononciation : sadaqa
- Voluntary charity, in money, in food, in time or even with a smile.
- SahâbaصحابةPrononciation : sahâba
- The Companions of the Prophet ﷺ: those who met him as believers and died as Muslims.
- SahîhصحيحPrononciation : sahîh
- The grade of an “authentic” hadith: an unbroken chain of reliable narrators, without anomaly.
- SahûrسحورPrononciation : sahûr
- The meal taken before dawn during fasting.
- SalâtصلاةPrononciation : salât
- The ritual prayer (salah), performed five times a day.
- SawmصومPrononciation : sawm
- Fasting: abstaining from food, drink and marital relations from dawn to sunset.
- ShukrشكرPrononciation : shukr
- Gratitude to Allah, through the heart, the tongue and actions.
- SîraسيرةPrononciation : sîra
- The biography of the Prophet ﷺ.
- SunnaسنةPrononciation : sunna
- The way of the Prophet ﷺ: his words, actions and approvals; also a recommended but non-obligatory act.
- TafsîrتفسيرPrononciation : tafsîr
- Exegesis: the explanation of the meaning of the verses of the Quran.
- TajwîdتجويدPrononciation : tajwîd
- The rules of pronunciation and correct recitation of the Quran.
- TawakkulتوكلPrononciation : tawakkul
- Placing one’s trust in Allah after taking the means; the name Tawakoul comes from it.
- TawbaتوبةPrononciation : tawba
- Repentance: regretting, stopping, and resolving not to return to it, making amends if necessary.
- TayammumتيممPrononciation : tayammum
- Dry ablution, with clean earth, when water is lacking or harmful to health.
- Wudû’وضوءPrononciation : wudû’
- Ablutions: washing the hands, face and arms, wiping the head and washing the feet before prayer.
- ZakâtزكاةPrononciation : zakât
- The obligatory almsgiving, the third pillar of Islam: a portion of wealth paid every year to those entitled to it.
- Zakât al-fitrزكاة الفطرPrononciation : zakât al-fitr
- The almsgiving at the end of the fast, paid before the Eid al-Fitr prayer for each member of the household.